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Bitter Orange - Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Peel extract

"Citrus aurantium L. var. amara", "Citrus vulgaris Risso", or "Citrus bigaradia Duhamel". A member of the Rutaceae family, and originally from eastern Asia, the Bitter Orange plant is cultivated along the shores of the Mediterranean and in several countries of America and helps to increase metabolism.

bitter orange increase metabolism

It is a small tree of 4-5 meters in height with a very ramified trunk and prickly branches. The leaves are oval, whole and coriaceous with a limb of 4 to 6 cm in width and petioles with two bracts.

The white flowers have five petals and ten stamens or more, gathered around the axillas of the leaves. The fruit, bitter oranges, are round, rough, orange in color and have a taste which is both sour and bitter.

The part of the plant which is used is the skin of the fruit or the epicarp, although the flowers and leaves of the tree have other uses.

orange essential oil

Cosmetic application

This very versatile ingredient is used in our cellulite cream as an astringent and helps to prevent skin fragility and perks up skin tone.

In vitro tests have shown that limonene derived from citrus peels may have relevant anti-cancer, anti-tumor, and cell-differentiation promoting activities. REF 9

Bitter orange is also believed to help increase metabolism or thermogenesis due to its synephrine content. REF 10

It contains a variety of constituents and includes essential oils, bitter-tasting flavonoids glycosides such as neohesperidin and Naringin, a sugar component neohesperidose, non-bitter flavonoids such as hesperidin, rutoside and more highly methoxylated lipophillic flavonoids like sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin as well as pectin and furanocoumarins.

The epicarp contains 4-5% mineral salts, organic acids (citric and malic), 5-8% flavonoids (hesperidoside, naringoside) and 1-2% essential oil (limonene and terpenic alcohols).

The fresh leaves of the bitter orange tree contain 0.20-0.40% essential oils in the form of terpenes and free alcohols. Small concentrations of betaine and flavonoids (hesperidoside) are also found.

There are essential oils in the flowers (0,05-0,10% in the fresh plant), and particularly in the form of free alcohols.

The following table lays out the essential oils in the different parts of citrus fruit.

  • Epicarp
    • 1-2% bitter orange essence (Curaçao);(+)-limonene, alcohols, aliphatic and monoterpenic aldehydes, esters.
  • Flower
    • 0,05-0,10% bitter orange blossom essence; (+)-free, sterified linalool (40-50%), (+)-limonene (15%), nerolidol, methyl antranilate, alifatic aldehydes.
  • Leaf
    • 0,2-0,4% "petit grain" bitter orange essence; geranil and (+)-linalyl acetates, (+)-linalool, nerol, and geraniol.
neroli essential oil from orange blossoms

Citric plants are sources of flavonoids, which abound in the epicarp and which are mainly flavanols:

  • Hesperidin (Hesperitin-7-O-rustoide)

  • Neohesperidin (Hesperetin-7-O-neohesperidoside)

  • Naringin (Naringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside)

  • Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-rutoside)

  • Eriocitroside

  • together with a few flavones such as diosmosine (7-rutinosil diosmethol) or rutoside.

It is classified as a occlusive skin-conditioning agent as well as a miscellaneous skin conditioning agent and chemically classed as a biological product.

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Information supplied is for general information purposes only and no statements have not been evaluated by the 
FDA or the S. A. MCC and no information supplied is intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
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